Y. Kunugi et al., Low operating voltage bilayer organic light emitting diodes using electrochemically synthesized and p-doped starburst-polymer as hole transport layer, CHEM LETT, (7), 2001, pp. 656-657
Bilayer organic light emitting diodes based on electrochemically synthesize
d and p-doped PTPA hole transport layer have been investigated. When a thin
p-doped PTPA layer is inserted between the anode (ITO) and Alq(3), the ope
rating voltage of the devices has been clearly decreased while the current
density and luminance increased.