Industrial scale-up of countercurrent chromatography

The hydrodynamic, engineering, and chromatographic variables affecting scal e-up of countercurrent chromatography (CCC) are examined. The predictable a nd linear scale-up from the current laboratory scale technology to industri al process scale, capable of kgm/month in the first phase, is demonstrated. Continued research will prepare the way for a new generation of tonne/annu m capacity high throughput, high resolution CCC machines for pilot and plan t scale separations of a range of bioprocess products.