Do insects use templates or parameters for landmark navigation?

As an explanation for the landmark navigation abilities of insects, the tem plate hypothesis is currently clearly dominating the parameter hypothesis. In a series of computer simulations, this paper investigates the conspicuou s behavior of desert ants in experimental setups with expanded landmark arr ays. It is shown that a parameter-based model accounts much better for the data than different template models. (C) 2001 Academic Press.