Four new Asian species in the lichen genus Pannaria

Three new species which have previously been confused with Pannaria rubigin osa are described. The first, Pannaria complanata sp. nov., from southern I ndia, has a possibly subtropical Afro-Asian distribution, the second, Panna ria emodii sp. nov., may be restricted to the eastern Himalayas from Bhutan ro Sichuan (China), and the third, Pannaria ramulosa sp. nov, is known onl y from Java. The last: two species are both related to Pannaria asahinae P. M. Jorg. from Japan. A fourth new species from southern Taiwan, the isidia te Pannaria formosana, is closely related to Pannaria ramosa Vain., a littl e known species from the Philippines. (C) 2001 The British Lichen Society.