The effect of conjugated linoleic acid isomers on fatty acid profiles of liver and adipose tissues and their conversion to isomers of 16 : 2 and 18 :3 conjugated fatty acids in rats

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term that describes differen t isomers of linoleic acid with conjugated double bonds. Although the main dietary isomer is 9cis,11trans-18:2, which is present in dairy products and ruminant fat, the biological effects of CLA generally have been studied us ing mixtures in which the 9cis,il trans- and the 10trans, 12 cis-18:2 were present at similar levels. In the present work, we have studied the impact of each isomer (9cis, 11 trans- and 10 trans, 12 cis-18:2) given separately in the diet of rats for 6 wk. The 10trans,12 cis-18:2 decreased the triacy lglycerol content of the liver (-32%) and increased the 18:0 content at the expense of 18:1n-9, suggesting an alteration of the Delta9 desaturase acti vity, as was already demonstrated in vitro. This was not observed when the 9cis,11 trans-18:2 was given in the diet. Moreover, the 10 trans,12 cis-18: 2 induced an increase in the C-22 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the liver lipids. The 10trans,12 cis-18:2 was mainly metabolized into conjugated 16:2 and 18:3, which have been identified. The 9cis,11 trans isomer was prefere ntially metabolized into a conjugated 20:3 isomer. Thus, the 9cis, 11 trans - and the 10trans, 12 cis-CLA isomers are metabolized differently and have distinct effects on the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids in rat ri ver while altering liver triglyceride levels differentially.