One decade following the market transition in Poland, the agricultural sect
or still exhibits low productivity. Policy makers often describe the sector
as fragmented and inefficient. To understand why small-scale farming in Po
land is inefficient despite longstanding secure property rights, a survey o
f economic efficiency in Southern agriculture was conducted and compared wi
th limited studies of efficiency in Poland. The most important issues, part
icularly related to farm size and efficiency, are price risk, uncertainty a
nd low rural development. Comparative studies across regions with varying i
nstitutional arrangements and economic organization are powerful, but must
be made carefully and critically.