Mac-1(+) myelopoiesis induced by CFA: a clue to the paradoxical effects ofIFN-gamma in autoimmune disease models

The mechanisms accounting for the protective role of endogenous interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in certain murine autoimmune disease models, versus a dis ease-promoting role in others, have remained elusive. The protective effect of IFN-gamma might be unique to models that rely on the use of complete Fr eund's adjuvant (CFA) and whose pathogenesis is predominantly driven by del ayed-type hypersensitivity. In these models, IFN-gamma counteracts disease development by inhibiting CFA-induced proliferation of a pathogenically imp ortant Mac-1(+) cell population(s). This calls into question our usual conc eptualization of the balance between innate and specific immunity in these models, as well as their clinical relevance, particularly when the role of IFN-gamma or related cytokines is considered.