Farm and personal characteristics of the clientele of a community-based animal health service programme in northern Malawi

The social background, farm characteristics, indicators of income and self- evaluation returns of 96 randomly selected users of a Basic Animal Health S ervice (BAHS) programme in northern Malawi were compared with those of 96 m atched past-users and 96 non-users, respectively. All 288 farms were visite d between July and October 1997. Data analysis was performed using univaria te and multivariate techniques. The results showed that, on average, BAHS u sers had larger cattle herds (16.3) than part-users (14.7) or non-users (12 .4). Similarly, the annual yields of crops were higher for users compared t o either of the other groups. Users occupied better houses and owned a larg er number of farm and household items than did part-users or non-users. A t hird of all farmers were engaged in additional income generation to lessen the risk of poverty. However, analysis of the livestock management and the educational background of the farmers suggested that usage of the BAHS prog ramme was not only determined by already existing `wealth'. Improved livest ock husbandry and management measures, which do not require capital investm ent, were more frequently applied by users compared to either of the other groups. Non-users and part-users had attained a lower level of education, w ere less open towards improved farming methods and felt less knowledgeable than BAHS users. The average straight-line distances from farms using BAHS to their respective village animal health worker (2.2 km) or veterinary ass istant (2.9 km) were similar but varied according to ecological zone. Inten sified extension and awareness meetings in villages will be required to get more non-users involved in BAHS.