Malignant melanoma is a rare event in children. Yet, the overall incidence
has consistently risen in the past 20 years. Thus, the likelihood that our
pediatric patients will develop malignant melanoma is increasing. Previousl
y, the bulk of lesions were estimated to occur in children with large conge
nital melanocytic nevi. Recent reports, however, have highlighted new risk
factors for malignant melanoma in children, while demystifying other entiti
es previously believed to have a grave prognosis. Knowledge of risk factors
and participation in public health efforts toward prevention and early int
ervention can help the practitioner protect pediatric patients from this ma
lignancy.