Introduction: Mass screening, health technology assessment, and health policy in some European countries

Objective: The series of papers in this issue was developed to examine the use of health technology assessment in policies toward prevention-specifica lly toward mass screening-in European countries, The papers actually examin ed three screening strategies: mammography screening for breast cancer, pro state-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer, and routine ultrasoun d in normal pregnancy. Methods: Papers were sought from the member states of the European Union, p lus Switzerland. Ultimately, nine acceptable papers were received, and were reviewed, revised, and edited. Results: Screening is an accepted strategy in many countries for reducing t he burden of disease through early detection and intervention. In part, thi s is because of successful screening programs that have been evaluated and implemented in many countries. At the same time, unevaluated and even usele ss and harmful screening programs-unjustified medically or economically-are widespread. Health technology assessment could help assure that only effec tive and cost-effective screening programs are implemented. Conclusion: The main conclusion is that screening is an important preventiv e strategy. Any screening program, however, should be carefully assessed be fore implementation.