Alcohol, aging, and cognitive performance in a cohort of Japanese Americans aged 65 and older: The Kame project

Objective: To investigate the effects of light to moderate alcohol consumpt ion on cognitive performance. Design and Setting: A cross-sectional analysi s including older Japanese Americans in King County, WA, enrolled in the Ka me Project, a population-based study of cognition, dementia, and aging. Par ticipants: 1,836 cognitively intact participants aged 65 and older who part icipated in the baseline (1992-1994) examination. Measurement: Cognitive pe rformance was measured using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument, reaction time (simple and choice), and a measure of vocabulary (North Ameri can Adult Reading Test). Results: Multivariate analyses were used to examin e the relationship between cognitive performance and alcohol consumption at baseline with men and women together and then separately controlling for a ge, education, smoking, history of stroke, angina, hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. Findings showed lower cognitive test scores wer e observed for men who were either abstainers or in the heavy drinking grou p. For women, a linear relationship between alcohol consumption and cogniti ve performance was seen on two of the four measures of cognitive functionin g. No significant difference in the association of drinking and cognitive f unction was identified within the different Japanese American subgroups. Co nclusion: Results suggest a possible positive relationship between light to moderate drinking and cognitive performance in an aging Japanese American population. Additional long-term prospective and cross-cultural studies are needed to determine the generalizability of these findings to other aging cohorts.