Ar. Smith et al., Molecular beam epitaxy control of the structural, optical, and electronic properties of ScN(001), J APPL PHYS, 90(4), 2001, pp. 1809-1816
Scandium nitride (001) oriented layers have been grown on magnesium oxide (
001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy using a rf-plasma source and a sc
andium effusion cell. The Sc/N flux ratio is found to be critical in determ
ining the structural, optical, and electronic properties of the grown epita
xial layers. A distinct transition occurs at the point where the Sc/N flux
ratio equals 1, which defines the line between N-rich and Sc-rich growth. U
nder N-rich conditions, the growth is epitaxial, and the surface morphology
is characterized by a densely packed array of square-shaped plateaus and f
our-faced pyramids with the terraces between steps being atomically smooth.
The films are stoichiometric and transparent with a direct optical transit
ion at 2.15 eV. Under Sc-rich conditions, the growth is also epitaxial, but
the morphology is dominated by spiral growth mounds. The morphology change
is consistent with increased surface diffusion due to a Sc-rich surface. E
xcess Sc leads to understoichiometric layers with N vacancies which act as
donors. The increased carrier density results in an optical reflection edge
at 1 eV, absorption below the 2.15 eV band gap, and a drop in electrical r
esistivity. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics.