Er. Sampson et al., Identification and characterization of androgen receptor associated coregulators in prostate cancer cells, J BIOL REG, 15(2), 2001, pp. 123-129
Citations number
54
Categorie Soggetti
Endocrinology, Nutrition & Metabolism
Journal title
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL REGULATORS AND HOMEOSTATIC AGENTS
The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfa
mily that mediates the effects of androgens on target tissues. Over the las
t decade, it has become apparent that NRs require accessory factors for opt
imal activation of target gene expression. Numerous NR coregulators have be
en identified, with diverse structures and potential mechanisms of coregula
tion, creating an increasingly complicated picture of NR action. Due to the
expanding complexity of the coregulator field, this review will focus on t
he AR ligand-binding domain (LBD) and N-terminal interacting proteins ident
ified by our lab. The LBD-interacting proteins ARA70, ARA55 and ARA54 were
first characterized and ARA70 was found to have a relatively higher specifi
city for the AR in human prostate cancer DU145 cells. Characterization of t
he functional relationship between the AR and these coregulators indicated
that ARA70 and ARA55 could enhance the androgenic effects of 17 beta -estra
diol (E-2) and hydroxyflutamide (HF), an antiandrogen commonly used in the
treatment of prostate cancer. ARA160, an AR N-terminal interacting protein
also known as TATA element modulatory factor (TMF), was subsequently shown
to cooperate with ARA70 in enhancing AR activity. Another AR N-terminal int
eracting protein, ARA24, interacted with the poly-Q tract, a region within
the N-terminus of the AR linked to Kennedy's disease (X-linked spinal and b
ulbar muscular atrophy). More recently, our lab has identified ARA267, a SE
T domain containing protein, and supervillin, an F-actin binding protein, a
s AR coregulators. Collectively, the data from these studies indicate that
these coregulators are necessary for optimal AR transactivation. Interrupti
on of the interaction between AR and these proteins may serve as a new ther
apeutic target in the treatment of prostate cancer.