Evidence for down-regulation of ethanolic fermentation and K+ effluxes in the coleoptile of rice seedlings during prolonged anoxia

Ethanolic fermentation, the predominant catabolic pathway in anoxia-toleran t rice coleoptiles, was manipulated in excised and 'aged' tissues via gluco se feeding. Coleoptiles with exogenous glucose survived 60 h of anoxia, as evidenced by vigorous rates of K+ and phosphate not uptake and growth of ro ots and shoots when re-aerated. In contrast, coleoptiles without exogenous glucose showed net losses of K+ and phosphates starting 12 h after anoxia w as imposed and these did not recover fully when re-aerated after 60 h of an oxia. Ethanol production (pmol g(-1) FW h(-1)) declined from about 7.5 duri ng the first 12 h of anoxia to 5 or 2.2 after 48-60 h, in coleoptiles with or without exogenous glucose, respectively. Carbohydrate concentrations cha nged only slightly in anoxic coleoptiles with exogenous glucose due to net glucose uptake at 2.6 mu mol g(-1) FW h(-1). Ethanolic fermentation, and th erefore ATP production, may have been down-regulated after an initial perio d of acclimation to anoxia in coleoptiles with exogenous glucose. Maintenan ce requirements for energy were assessed to be 3.4-7.6-fold lower in these anoxic coleoptiles than published estimates for non-growing aerated leaf ti ssues. A modest part of the required economy in energy consumption would ha ve been derived from diminished ion transport; anoxia reduced K+ and phosph ate net uptake by 70-90% in these coleoptiles. K+ efflux was 10-fold lower in anoxic than in aerated coleoptiles with exogenous glucose. Using the uni directional efflux equation, the membrane permeability to K+ was estimated to be 17-fold lower in anoxic than in aerated coleoptiles, presumably due t o predominantly closed K+ channels.