Case-control studies with complex sampling

The use of complex sampling designs in population-based case-control studie s is becoming more common, particularly for sampling the control population . This is prompted by all the usual cost and logistical benefits that are c onferred by multistage sampling. Complex sampling has often been ignored in analysis but, with the advent of packages like SUDAAN, survey-weighted ana lyses that take account of the sample design can be carried out routinely. This paper explores this approach and more efficient alternatives, which ca n also be implemented by using readily available software.