Cost-effectiveness analysis of an intranasal influenza vaccine for the prevention of influenza in healthy children

Objective. Intranasal influenza vaccine has proven clinical efficacy and ma y be better tolerated by young children and their families than an injectab le vaccine. This study determined the potential cost-effectiveness (CE) of an intranasal influenza vaccine among healthy children. Methods. We conducted a CE analysis of data collected between 1996 and 1998 during a prospective 2-year efficacy trial of intranasal influenza vaccine , supplemented with data from the literature. The CE analysis included both direct and indirect costs. We enrolled 1602 healthy children aged 15 to 71 months in year 1, 1358 of whom were enrolled in year 2. One or 2 doses of intranasal influenza vaccine or placebo were administered to measure the co st per febrile influenza-like illness (ILI) day avoided. Results. During the 2-year study period, vaccinated children had an average of 1.2 fewer ILI fever days/child than unvaccinated children. In an indivi dual-based vaccine delivery scenario with vaccine given twice in the first year and once each year thereafter at an assumed base case total cost of $2 0 for the vaccine and its administration (ie, per dose), CE was approximate ly $30/febrile ILI day avoided. CE ranged from $10 to $69/febrile ILI day a voided at $10 to $40/dose, respectively. In a group-based delivery scenario , vaccination was cost saving compared with placebo and remained so if vacc ine cost was <$28 (the break-even price per dose). In the individual-based scenario, vaccination was cost saving if vaccine cost was <$5. In this scen ario, nearly half of lost productivity in the vaccine group was attributabl e to vaccine visits, which overshadowed the relatively modest savings in IL I-associated costs averted. Conclusions. Routine use of intranasal influenza vaccine among healthy chil dren may be cost-effective and may be maximized by using group-based vaccin ation approaches.