Prevalence of loss and complicated grief among psychiatric outpatients

Objective: This study examined the prevalence of significant loss through t he death of another person as well as complicated grief among patients at t wo psychiatric outpatient clinics for one year. Methods: A total of 729 pat ients were interviewed about significant losses through death during their lives. Standard questionnaires were used to classify 235 patients who had e xperienced such losses into three groups: those who had minimal disturbance , those who had moderate complicated grief, and those who had severe compli cated grief. Multivariate and univariate analyses of variance were used to test for differences in loss-specific variables (for example, pathological grief) and variables that were not specific to loss (for example, depressio n) among the three groups. Results: More than half of the 729 patients repo rted that they had experienced one or more significant losses through death . About a third of all patients who came to the clinics met the criteria fo r either moderate or severe complicated grief, The average time since the l oss was about ten years, indicating that these patients had long-term compl icated grief. Significant differences in loss-specific variables and variab les that were not specific to loss were detected among the three groups. Pa tients who had severe complicated grief scored higher than patients in the other two groups on both types of variables. Patients with moderate complic ated grief had higher scores than those with minimal disturbance. Conclusio ns: Clinicians should routinely assess outpatients for loss and complicated grief and should consider addressing loss and complicated grief in treatme nt. Rather than a single classification of complicated grief, different lev els should be considered.