We analysed 3 case-control studies from Italy and Switzerland including 114
women with squamous cell oesophageal cancer and 425 controls. The multivar
iate odds ratio was 4.5 for heavy smoking and 5.4 for heavy alcohol drinkin
g. Fruit intake, vegetable intake, oral contraceptive and HRT use were inve
rsely related to oesophageal cancer. (C) 2001 Cancer Research Campaign.