This paper relies heavily upon a report to the European Parliament's Scient
ific and Technological Options Assessment Programme (STOA)(1) for the Europ
ean Parliament, on the chapter by Dr. S. Wright, "Political Control and the
Internet" (2000) which appears in Human Rights on the Internet, and on the
work of many colleagues who have researched this subject over the last 20
years, particularly Duncan Campbell and Simon Davies. The work has been slo
w and painstaking, with doubters ever present and ready to dismiss-they wil
l undoubtedly continue to do so; however, the evidence is now in the public
domain and the less obvious sectors of the state are beginning to be held
accountable for their actions.