M. Rivoire et al., Multimodality treatment of patients with liver metastases from germ cell tumors - The role of surgery, CANCER, 92(3), 2001, pp. 578-587
Background. The presence of liver metastases represents an independent poor
risk prognostic factor for survival in patients with germ cell tumors.
Methods. The clinical files of 37 patients who had undergone liver resectio
n for the treatment of disseminated germ cell tumors were reviewed to defin
e the indications for resection of residual liver metastases after chemothe
rapy in patients with germ cell tumors. The histologic patterns of primary
tumor and residual disease were compared. The prognostic factors for surviv
al were studied by univariate analysis.
Results. All but 2 of 37 patients underwent complete resection. One patient
died of postoperative complications. Thirteen complications occurred in 10
patients. Twelve patients had active residual tumor, 7 patients had mature
teratoma, and 18 patients had only necrosis on histologic examination. Twe
nty-three of 37 patients (62%) were alive with no evidence of disease after
a median follow-up of 66 months (range, 31-134 months). Three prognostic f
actors were found to be significant in the univariate analysis for unfavora
ble outcome: the presence of pure embryonal carcinoma in the primary tumor,
liver metastases measuring > 30 111m in greatest dimension at the time of
surgery, and the presence of viable, active residual disease.
Conclusions. Because it is impossible to determine the histologic pattern o
f,, residual liver masses after chemotherapy with current imaging tools and
percutaneous biopsy, patient selection for liver surgery may be undertaken
according to the size of residual liver masses. Patients with masses that
measure less than or equal to 10 nim in greatest dimension should be consid
ered for close follow-up, because they have a high probability of necrosis
and are at low risk for malignant disease. Male patients with masses that m
easure ! 30 mm in greatest dimension represent a high-risk group of patient
s who are not likely to benefit from liver surgery. Only male patients with
masses that measure 10-29 mm in greatest dimension and all female patients
with masses that measure > 10 mm in greatest dimension should be considere
d for liver resection. Cancer 2001;92:578-87. (C) 2001 American Cancer Soci
ety.