We present a case of a rapidly progressive pseudomembranous tracheobronchit
is and pneumonia in a 52-year-old woman with severe aplastic anemia. Bacill
us cereus was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, blood cultures,
and pseudomembrane biopsy specimens; despite intensive antibiotic treatment
, the patient's condition deteriorated rapidly. To our knowledge, this is t
he first report of a B. cereus infection that has caused pseudomembranous t
racheobronchitis, possibly because of the production of bacterial toxins.