Chemical genetic approaches for the elucidation of signaling pathways

New chemical methods that use small molecules to perturb cellular function in ways analogous to genetics have recently been developed. These approache s include both synthetic methods for discovering small molecules capable of acting like genetic mutations, and techniques that combine the advantages of genetics and chemistry to optimize the potency and specificity of small- molecule inhibitors. Both approaches have been used to study protein functi on in vivo and have provided insights into complex signaling cascades.