Induction of cytochrome P450 and/or detoxication enzymes by various extracts of rosemary: description of specific patterns

The ability of rosemary to modulate cytochrome P450 (CYP) and detoxication enzymes in rat liver was evaluated by comparing the effects of dried leaves and leaf extracts with different chemical compositions: essential oil (EO) containing monoterpenes, a dichloromethane extract (DCME) containing pheno lic diterpenes and a water-soluble extract (WSE) containing phenolic compou nds such as rosmarinic acid and flavonoids. Chemical analyses were done in order to characterize the composition of extracts. Male Wistar rats receive d the leaves or extracts of rosemary in their diet at 0.5% (w/w) for 2 week s. The effects of such treatments were evaluated for CYP (1A, 2B, 2E1), glu tathione S-transferase (GST), NAD(P)H: quinone reductase (QR) and UDP-glucu ronosyl-transferase (UGT) activities and on protein levels (immunoblot anal yses). Expression of specific UGT isoforms (mRNA semiquantification by RT-P CR) was measured. Our study reports that EO selectively induced CYP, partic ularly CYP2B. WSE enhanced both CYP and detoxication enzymes. DCME acted as a monofunctional inducer, inducing GST, QR and UGT, in particular UGT1A6. Considering the specific pattern of induction obtained with DCME and WSE tr eatment, it should be relevant to evaluate the chemopreventive potency of t hese extracts on carcinogenesis in animal models. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.