E. Koukan et al., Experimental study of flow fields around small gas bubbles under the combined action of buoyancy and thermocapillarity, HEAT MASS T, 37(4-5), 2001, pp. 437-441
Due to the combined action of buoyancy and thermocapillarity, the flow arou
nd a moving or stationary bubble, surrounded by a liquid matrix, exhibits a
relative complex structure. The results of recent experiments show two dif
ferent cases. First the buoyancy force is stronger than the thermocapillary
force, secondly, the reverse relationship holds.