Si. Kudryashov et Vi. Emel'Yanov, Electron gas compression and Coulomb explosion in the surface layer of a conductor heated by femtosecond laser pulse, JETP LETTER, 73(12), 2001, pp. 666-670
The hypothesis is put forward on the basis of experimental data that strong
inhomogeneous heating of the skin layer of conducting materials by a femto
second pulse gives rise to a double electrical layer that is formed of a "s
urface" layer of positive ions and a thin (about 1 nm) "subsurface" layer o
f a superdense (10(23)-10(25) cm(-3)) degenerate electron gas. The double l
ayer breaks within one picosecond through the Coulomb explosion. (C) 2001 M
AIK "Nauka/ Interperiodica".