This paper (1) reviews the fundamental limits to visual performance imposed
by optical imaging and photoreceptor sampling to determine the limits to t
he potential gains offered by ideal corrections; (2) examines the predicted
losses in vision induced by chromatic aberration, phase shifts, typical oc
ular aberrations, and the gains possible by correcting the monochromatic ab
errations of the eye; (3) discusses the principles of aberration measuremen
t in the eye; and (4) presents methods for measuring and classifying monoch
romatic aberrations of the eye. (C) 2001 ASCRS and ESCRS.