The traditional Freudian and interpersonal schools of psychoanalysis diverg
ed during the psychoanalytic wars in New York in the 1940s. Each has develo
ped from a different set of assumptions concerning the mind, especially the
role of structure and the role of interaction. Recent developments in both
schools in the last twenty years suggest a convergence and overlap in theo
ry and technique. The relevant history of the divergence is examined and th
e work of three contemporary interpersonal writers explored in depth. That
work is contrasted with contemporary developments in traditional Freudian p
sychoanalysis.