This paper presents a unified tabu search heuristic for the vehicle routing
problem with time windows and for two important generalizations: the perio
dic and the multi-depot vehicle routing problems with time windows. The maj
or benefits of the approach are its speed, simplicity and flexibility The p
erformance of the heuristic is assessed by comparing it to alternative meth
ods on benchmark instances of the vehicle routing problem with time windows
. Computational experiments are also reported on new randomly generated ins
tances for each of the two generalizations.