Consumption of carrageenan and other water-soluble polymers used as food additives and incidence of mammary carcinoma

This study examined the hypothesis that the increasing incidence of mammary carcinoma in the USA in the twentieth century may be related to the consum ption of carrageenan and possibly other water-soluble polymers. Widely used as food additives in the Western diet, the water-soluble polymers, also kn own as gums, are generally regarded as inert. However, the gum carrageenan which is comprised of linked, sulfated galactose residues has potent biolog ical activity and undergoes acid hydrolysis to poligeenan, an acknowledged carcinogen. A time-trend analysis using age-adjusted incidence data and con sumption data from established sources tested the hypothesis that increased consumption of the gums may be associated with increased incidence of mamm ary carcinoma. Correlations were determined using Pearson and Spearman corr elation coefficients, incorporating lag intervals of 10 to 35 years. This a nalysis demonstrated that increasing consumption of several gums correlates positively with increased incidence of breast carcinoma. (C) 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.