Therapy strategies in children and adolescents with type-1-diabetes

Diabetes mellitus type 1 is one of the most common chronic diseases in chil dhood. Acute treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) includes treatment of shock, slow and moderate rehydration, correction of electrolyte deficits a nd substitution of insulin. The most severe complication is brain edema. As sociated risk factors are rehydration with large volumes and hypotonic solu tions, rapid decrease in serum osmolarity as well as duration and severity of clinical signs of DKA. Insulin therapy in children and adolescents includes the conventional two o r multi-injection therapy and also insulin pump treatment. Continuous care of diabetic children and adolescents requires multidisciplinary teams inclu ding pediatric diabetologists, diabetes educators and psychologists. Furthe rmore, collaboration with ophthalmologists, gynecologists and pediatricians is mandatory.