H. Kinoshita et al., Remarkable rate acceleration of Pd(0)-catalyzed hydrogermylation of alkynes and dienes in water, ORG LETT, 3(16), 2001, pp. 2521-2524
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Without the use of hydrophilic cosolvents or phase transfer catalysts, Pd(0
)-catalyzed hydrogermylation of alkynes in water provides dienylgermanes ef
ficiently with high stereo- and regioselectivity. The reaction in water pro
ceeds much faster than the reaction under neat conditions. By using an aque
ous system, hydrogermylation can be conducted at a low catalyst loading.