Three cases of unexpected childhood death are presented in which signi
ficant potentially Life-threatening lesions were identified that were
considered coincidental to the cause of death. Two children died of ac
cidental asphyxia and one died of potassium fluoride poisoning. Abnorm
alities identified at autopsy included established myocarditis (two ca
ses) and cardiac rhabdomyomas (one case). In one case a previously uns
uspected abnormal familial karyotype was found. These cases emphasize
the value of complete autopsy investigations in all types of sudden ch
ildhood death, even when the cause of death appears obvious; they also
demonstrate that potentially lethal organic disease may be asymptomat
ic in childhood and unrelated to death.