Intraoperative ultrasound

This article reviews the most popular applications for intraoperative ultra sound imaging, including neurosurgical applications in the brain and spinal cord, and abdominal applications in the gallbladder, biliary tract, liver, and pancreas. A brief description of other applications and innovative use s of intraoperative ultrasound is included, and interventional techniques f or biopsies, drainages, and approaches to tumor ablation are discussed. Des criptions of the equipment used, optimal scanning approaches, and the logis tical approaches to efficient ultrasonography are emphasized.