Clinical concerns in the ultrasound exposure of the developing central nervous system

Neurosonography is used as a primary imaging modality worldwide for visuali zation of the developing brain and spinal cord in fetuses, infants and chil dren. During the entire process of brain development, there is rapid cell t urnover, a condition that is favorable for genetic mutations once external stimuli are applied. No clinical studies in humans have been performed spec ifically to discuss the long-term impact of postnatal ultrasound exposure o f the central nervous system. Currently published studies concerning the pr enatal and postnatal use of Doppler or of ultrasound contrast agent use and the developing central nervous system are insufficient to draw meaningful conclusions regarding safety. By instituting a standardized examination and following appropriate patient handling guidelines, the risk of an adverse outcome associated with neurosonography is minimized. This paper recommends adoption of the ALARA principle and offers suggestions as to how to minimi ze the risk of adverse effects in neurosonography.