Effects of concurrent access to multiple ethanol concentrations and repeated deprivations on alcohol intake of alcohol-preferring rats

Background: The alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) is a temporary increase in the voluntary intake of ethanol solutions following a period of alcohol de privation. Multiple deprivations can prolong the expression of an ADE. This study examined the effects of initial deprivation length, concurrent expos ure to multiple ethanol concentrations, and number of deprivation exposures on the magnitude and duration of the ADE in alcohol -preferring (P) rats. Methods: Adult female P rats received 24-hr free-choice access to 10, 20, a nd 30% ethanol and water for 6 weeks. Rats were then randomly assigned to t hree groups; one group served as a nondeprived control, whereas the other t wo groups were initially deprived of ethanol for 2 or 8 weeks. The ethanol solutions were restored to both deprived groups for 2 weeks before the grou ps were deprived of ethanol for another 2 weeks. This cycle was repeated th ree times for a total of four deprivations. Results: After the initial ethanol deprivation period, both deprived groups displayed a similar 2-fold increased ethanol intake (g/Kg/day) during the initial 24-hr period when ethanol was restored. Both deprived groups showed greater than 2-fold increases in intake of the 20 and 30% ethanol solution s after re-exposure. Ethanol consumption returned to baseline levels within 2 weeks, before the subsequent deprivation period. Multiple deprivations i ncreased the magnitude of the ADE over that observed in the first deprivati on during the initial 24-hr period of re-exposure and prolonged the duratio n of the ADE. In addition, repeated deprivations increased ethanol intake i n the first 2-hr period of re-exposure and produced blood ethanol levels in excess of 150 mg/100 ml. Conclusions: Alterations in the reinforcing and/or aversive effects of alco hol occurred after a single prolonged deprivation and were enhanced with re peated deprivations.