Psychological testing and psychological assessment - A review of evidence and issues

This article summarizes evidence and issues associated with psychological a ssessment. Data from more than 125 meta-analyses on test validity and 800 s amples examining multimethod assessment suggest 4 general conclusions: (a) Psychological test validity is strong and compelling, (b) psychological tes t validity is comparable to medical test validity, (c) distinct assessment methods provide unique sources of information, and (d) clinicians who rely exclusively on interviews are prone to incomplete understandings. Following principles for optimal nomothetic research, the authors suggest that a mul timethod assessment battery provides a structured means for skilled clinici ans to maximize the validity of individualized assessments. Future investig ations should move beyond an examination of test scales to focus more on th e role of psychologists who use tests as helpful tools to furnish patients and referral sources with professional consultation.