Real time human brain function: Observations and inferences from single trial analysis of magnetoencephalographic signals

This paper brings together results obtained by applying Magnetic Field Tomo graphy (MFT) to the analysis of Magnetoencephalography (MEG) data over the last decade. It emphasizes the most recent developments where the availabil ity of helmet-like MEG probes with well over 100 sensing coils provide a fu ll coverage of the head. The paper shows that it is possible to extract tom ographic information from single trial, millisecond by millisecond MEG sign al, and demonstrates two ways that this capability can be exploited. First, the single trial reconstructions are used to obtain robust statistical mea sures of changes of activity over small latency windows. Second, the intera ction between areas is studied by computing the mutual information between short, time-lagged sections of the single trial time-courses. The usefulnes s of the computationally demanding approach is demonstrated by analyzing ex periments using two widely used protocols, one for face and affect recognit ion and the other for Contingent Magnetic Variation (CMV). The results show foci of significant changes of activity, which are consistent with what is reported in the literature and provide a deeper understanding of their sig nificance. Some new, but not all that unexpected, findings also emerge from the analysis.