Serum concentration of androstenediol and androstenediol sulfate in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

Androstenediol (5-androsten-3 beta, 17 beta -diol, ADIOL) and androstenedio l 3-sulfate (ADIOLS) are active metabolites of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA ) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS), respectively, and have estrogenic activity and immunoregulatory function. We examined serum concentrations of ADIOL, ADIOL S, DHEA, DHEAS and pregnenolone sulfate (5-pregnen-3 beta -ol-20-one sulfat e, PREGS) in patients with Graves' thyrotoxicosis (male/female 9/14), hypot hyroidism (11/20) and in normal controls (14/29). In hypothyroidism serum l evels of all these steroids were significantly decreased in both genders. I n hyperthyroidism, in contrast, serum levels of ADIOLS (male 1.49 +/-0.69, female 0.64 +/-0.31 mu mol/l), DHEAS (male 7.43 +/-3.91, female 5.13 +/-2.0 3 mu mol/l), and PREGS (male 1.13 +/-0.58, female 1.07 +/-0.85 mu mol/l) we re markedly increased, but serum concentrations of ADIOL and DEHA were not significantly different from controls (ADIOLS male 0.36 +/-0.33, female 0.1 4 +/-0.09 mu mol/l; DHEAS male 2.88 +/-1.70, female 1.86 +/-1.03 mu mol/l; PREGS male 0.18 +/-0.12, female 0.11 +/-0.08 mu mol/l; ADIOL male 3.76 +/-1 .35, female 1.91 +/-1.17 nmol/l; DHEA male 9.23 +/-3.49, female 13.5 +/- 10 .8 nmol/l). Serum concentrations of all these steroids correlated with the serum concentration of the thyroid hormones in these patients. Serum albumi n and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations were not related to these changes in the concentrations of steroids. These findings indicate that se rum concentrations of ADIOLS, ADIOL, DHEAS, DHEA and PREGS were decreased i n hypothyroidism, whereas serum ADIOLS, DHEAS and PREGS concentrations were increased but ADIOL and DHEA were normal in hyperthyroidism. Thyroid hormo ne may stimulate the synthesis of these steroids and sulfotransferase is sp eculated to be increased in hyperthyroidism. Increased ADIOLS might contrib ute to menstrual disturbances and gynecomastia in hyperthyroidism.