In this paper, an active four-element patch antenna, backed by four GaAs mo
nolithic-microwave integrated-circuit (MMC) 4.4-GHz oscillators, self-locke
d by mutual coupling through a lumped capacitive ring NMC network, has been
designed, fabricated, and tested. The sequentially rotated arrangement giv
en here when augmented with a lumped capacitive coupling network suggests t
hat in-phase oscillator entrainment is guaranteed so that spatial power com
bination by the antenna array occurs with circular polarization characteris
tics.