Human papillomavirus infection and associated cervical disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: Effect of highly active antiretroviraltherapy

To determine the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections and related cervical les ions, the virologic and cytologic markers of HPV infection were prospective ly studied in 163 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- infected women, inclu ding 27 untreated, 62 treated with reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and 74 treated with HAART. A high prevalence of both infections with HR-HPV types (68%) and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs; low grade, 20.2%; high g rade, 6.2%) was observed. The risks of infection and disease were inversely correlated with CD4 cell counts (P = .015 and P = .022, respectively). Dur ing the observation period (mean, 15.4 months; range, 6-24 months), CD4 cel l counts increased significantly only in subjects receiving HAART (P < .001 ). Persistence of HR-HPV infection and progression of SILs were comparable in the 3 groups. These results indicate that, even in the era of HAART, HIV -infected women should be monitored carefully for the emergence of high-gra de SILs and cervical cancer.