Powder process influence on the characteristics of Mn,W,Sb,Ni-doped PZT

The use of lead zirconate titanate ceramics for applications like actuators implies the development of materials with high mechanical quality factor Q (m) and high electromechanical coupling coefficient k(p). The composition P b((Zr0.49Ti0.51)(0.94)Mn0.0252Sb0.0192W0.0156)O-3 + 0.2 wt.% NiO has been s tudied with this aim in view. Homogeneous, fine and desagglomerated powders are required. A new doped PZT powder elaboration process by hydrothermal r oute has been developed. The same composition is also prepared by a convent ional calcination route. The chemical and physical characteristics of these two kinds of powders are studied and the sintering behaviour has been inve stigated. Ceramics from the hydrothermal route density at 850 degreesC whil e the ceramics from the calcined powders require a sintering temperature of 1150 degreesC. The microstructures were studied and the piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties were determined. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. Al l rights reserved.