Genomewide scan, as shown by recently published linkage studies on the beha
vior of mice or in psychiatry, provides evidence for replicated quantitativ
e trait loci (QTL). Several studies of Alzheimer's disease have demonstrate
d the promise of moving from clinical diagnoses to biological signs for psy
chiatric investigations. Empirical studies also demonstrate that genetic ba
ckground, differences in environment, epistatic effects, and definition of
the phenotype (including psychiatric diagnosis) all actively contribute to
limit the duplication of QTL.