Interactions between cadmium and zinc in the organism

It is well known that many toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) action result from interactions with essential elements, including zinc (Zn). These interacti ons can take place at different stages of absorption, distribution in the o rganism and excretion of both metals and at the stage of Zn biological func tions. Exposure to Cd leads to disturbance in Zn in the organism on the one hand, while dietary Zn intake has an important effect on Cd absorption, ac cumulation and toxicity on the other. The Zn status of the body is importan t in relation to development cf Cd toxicity. Numerous data show that increa sed Zn supply may reduce Cd absorption and accumulation and prevent or redu ce the adverse actions of Cd, whereas Zn deficiency can intensify Cd accumu lation and toxicity. In this review, the interactions between these two tra ce elements in humans and animals are discussed on the basis of the availab le literature and our own results, against the background of general popula tion exposure to Cd and common nutritional deficiency of Zn. (C) 2001 Elsev ier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.