This paper presents various methodologies and approaches for performin
g systems integration and testing throughout the early and middle stag
es of the development life cycle. It discusses techniques for estimati
on and management of the integration early life cycle. Prevention and
early detection of errors significantly reduces the cost of failure in
a system. The systematic use of quality gates throughout the life cyc
le reduces the propagation of problems. The appropriate use of documen
tation standards ensures information and knowledge is disseminated to
all those who require it. These and other techniques for effective con
trol of integration and rest are discussed, together with techniques f
or measuring the effectiveness of systems integration, such as test co
verage analysis, metrics, and post-delivery assessment.