Lethal adenovirus infection in a patient who had undergone nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation

We present a case of adenovirus (ADV) infection in a patient who had underg one nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation (NST). A 50-year-old man wit h chronic myelogenous leukemia in the second chronic phase underwent NST fr om an HLA 2-loci-mismatched sibling. ADV hemorrhagic cystitis developed and progressed to lethal pneumonia. ADV was isolated from urine, bronchoalveol ar lavage fluid, and postmortem specimens of kidney and liver. Because ther e are few reports of lethal pneumonia associated with ADV in Japan, we pres ent the case and discuss the cause of and therapy for the infection. (C) 20 01 The Japanese Society of Hematology.