When a Cu surface is exposed to a clean room ambient, a surface layer conta
ining Cu2O, CUO, Cu(OH)(2), and CuCO3 is formed. Thermal treatment in a vac
uum combined with hydrogen plasma can remove this layer. Water and carbon d
ioxide desorb during the thermal treatment and the hydrogen plasma reduces
the remaining Cu oxide. Ellipsometric, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, an
d time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy analyses indicate that the
mechanism of interaction of the H-2 plasma with this layer depends on temp
erature. When the temperature is below 150 degreesC, H-2 plasma cannot comp
letely reduce Cu oxide. Hydrogen diffuses through the oxide and hydrogenati
on of the Cu laver is observed. The hydrogenated Cu surface has a higher re
sistance than a nontreated Cu layer. The hydrogen plasma efficiently cleans
the Cu surface when the substrate temperature is higher than 150 degreesC.
In this case, hydrogen atoms have enough activation energy to reduce Cu ox
ide and adsorbed water forms as a byproduct of Cu oxide reduction. When the
wafer temperature is higher than 350 degreesC, the interaction of the Cu f
ilm with hydrogen and residual oxygen is observed. (C) 2001 American Vacuum
Society.