O. Lioubashevski et al., Probing of DNA and single-base mismatches by chemical force microscopy using peptide nucleic acid-modified sensing tips and functionalized surfaces, LANGMUIR, 17(17), 2001, pp. 5134-5136
DNA hybridization to peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-functionalized Au-coated ti
ps is characterized by probing the force interactions between the PNA-funct
ionalized tip or the DNA/PNA-functionalized tip with a hydrophobic 1-mercap
toundecane-modified Au surface, using chemical force microscopy (CFM). DNA
concentrations as low as 3 x 10(-13) M can be detected by probing the respe
ctive force interactions. The CFM method is sufficiently sensitive to detec
t a single base mismatch,in the analyte DNA.