Randomised controlled trials of staged teaching for basic life support 2. Comparison of CPR performance and skill retention using either staged instruction or conventional training
D. Chamberlain et al., Randomised controlled trials of staged teaching for basic life support 2. Comparison of CPR performance and skill retention using either staged instruction or conventional training, RESUSCITAT, 50(1), 2001, pp. 27-37
Teaching CPR in stages is a strategy designed to improve skill acquisition
and retention. This method has been compared with conventional teaching in
a randomised trial involving 495(-)volunteers. The first ('bronze') stage w
as simplified by omitting ventilation and giving compressions in sets of 50
with pauses to open the victim's airway; in the second ('silver') stage ve
ntilation was introduced in a ratio of 50 compressions to five breaths, and
in the third ('gold') stage, the volunteers were converted to conventional
CPR. 51% of those taught by this method reattended for the second ('silver
') stage compared with 25% who were taught conventional CPR and advised to
return for a revision session. 38% of the staged group reattended for the t
hird ('gold') compared with 8% for the conventional group. Modest improveme
nt in skill acquisition has earlier been reported for the 'bronze' stage te
aching, and this has been followed by better performance in some of the com
ponents tested after the subsequent stages. Comparisons after the 'gold' st
age were limited by the small numbers who reattended for a third session of
conventional training, but no special difficulties were noted in changing
the ratio of compressions to ventilation that was necessary to convert the
staged training volunteers to conventional CPR. The increased number of com
pressions that can be achieved by teaching 'bronze' stage CPR with no venti
lation was retained, to a lesser degree, when the 'silver' ratio of 50 comp
ressions to five breaths was compared with the conventional 15:2 ratio. Our
observations suggest that during the first critical 8 min of a resuscitati
on attempt, 58% more compressions might be delivered by using the 50:5 rati
o - an increase that is likely to result in a significant augmentation of b
lood flow with important clinical implications. More comparative informatio
n will become available when the results of unannounced home testing are an
alysed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.