The amyloid beta -peptide (A beta) is a principal component of the cerebral
plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzeheimer's disease (AD). Th
is insoluble 40- to 42-amino acid peptide is formed by the cleavage of the
A beta precursor protein (APP). The three proteases that cleave APP, alpha-
, beta-, and gamma -secretases, have been implicated in the etiology of AD.
beta -Secretase is a membrane-anchored protein with clear homology to solu
ble aspartyl proteases, and alpha -secretase displays characteristics of ce
rtain membrane-tethered metalloproteases. gamma -Secretase is apparently an
oligomeric complex that includes the presenilins, which may be the catalyt
ic component of this protease. Identification of the alpha-, beta-, and gam
ma -secretases provides potential targets for designing new drugs to treat
AD.