Molecular characterization of the polymerase gene and genomic termini of Nipah virus

In 1998, Nipah virus (NV) emerged in peninsular Malaysia, causing fatal enc ephalitis in humans and a respiratory disease in swine. NV is most closely related to Hendra virus (HV), a paramyxovirus that was identified in Austra lia in 1994, and it has been proposed that HV and NV represent a new genus within the family Paramyxoviridae. This report describes the analysis of th e sequences of the polymerase gene (L) and genomic termini of NV as well as a comparison of the full-length, genomic sequences of HV and NV The L gene of NV is predicted to be 2244 amino acids in size and contains the six dom ains found within the L proteins of alt nonsegmented, negative-stranded (NN S) RNA viruses. However, the GDNQ motif found in most NNS RNA viruses was r eplaced by GDNE in both NV and HV The 3' and 5' termini of the NV genome ar e nearly identical to the genomic termini of HV and share sequence homology with the genomic termini of other members of the subfamily Paramyxovirinae . At 18,246 nucleotides, the genome of NV is 12 nucleotides longer than the genome of HV and they have the largest genomes within the family Paramyxov iridae. The comparison of the structures of the genomes of HV and NV is now complete and this information will help to establish the taxonomic positio n of these novel viruses within the family Paramyxoviridae.